From bastill at adam.com.au Mon Jan 14 01:05:16 2008 From: bastill at adam.com.au (Brian Astill) Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2008 16:35:16 +1030 Subject: [Papyrus-L] Bibtex anyone? Message-ID: <200801141635.16456.bastill@adam.com.au> What I really want is to transfer my Papyrus data into a format that will be processed by a Linux/*nix utility eg Kbibtex. Can this be done? -- Regards, Brian From dsbrown at cyllene.uwa.edu.au Mon Jan 14 02:38:42 2008 From: dsbrown at cyllene.uwa.edu.au (Denis Brown) Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2008 16:38:42 +0900 Subject: [Papyrus-L] Bibtex anyone? In-Reply-To: <200801141635.16456.bastill@adam.com.au> References: <200801141635.16456.bastill@adam.com.au> Message-ID: <6.2.1.2.2.20080114163553.035bb010@cyllene.uwa.edu.au> Hello Brian, The problem that you're likely to find (remembering similar "convert to" e-mail discussion threads) is that if you use the "notes" facility in Papyrus the other formats will strip them off. Otherwise you may find that converting (exporting) to some intermediate format will allow importation into kbibtex Hope this helps, Denis At 03:05 PM 14/01/2008, you wrote: >What I really want is to transfer my Papyrus data into a format >that will be processed by a Linux/*nix utility eg Kbibtex. > >Can this be done? > >-- >Regards, >Brian >_______________________________________________ >Papyrus-L mailing list >Papyrus-L at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com >http://five.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/papyrus-l From dave at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com Mon Jan 14 03:20:04 2008 From: dave at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com (Dave Goldman) Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2008 00:20:04 -0800 Subject: [Papyrus-L] Bibtex anyone? In-Reply-To: <200801141635.16456.bastill@adam.com.au> References: <200801141635.16456.bastill@adam.com.au> Message-ID: >What I really want is to transfer my Papyrus data into a format >that will be processed by a Linux/*nix utility eg Kbibtex. The Macintosh version of Papyrus includes import and export formats for BibTeX. For the DOS version of Papyrus, we provided a BibTeX import format, for transferring references from BibTeX to Papyrus. That import format is still available on our website, at . For transferring from Papyrus to BibTeX, you'll need to create an appropriate Papyrus export format. You might use our BibTeX import format as a starting point, but bear in mind that an output format will be much simpler than the import format, as it won't need to worry about multiple places that various bits of information may or may not show up. Since you'll be creating your own output format, you can include whichever Papyrus fields you desire (including Comments and Abstract), with whatever tags you like. But as Denis Brown has pointed out, Papyrus notecards don't have an equivalent in most other bibliographic databases. -- Dave Goldman (dave at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com) Research Software Design The PAPYRUS Bibliography System 617 SW Hume Street Portland OR 97219-4458 (U.S.A.) Technical Support: support at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com Other Questions: info at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com Web: http://www.ResearchSoftwareDesign.com/ From U.Kellett at griffith.edu.au Mon Jan 14 04:03:41 2008 From: U.Kellett at griffith.edu.au (Ursula Kellett) Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2008 19:03:41 +1000 Subject: [Papyrus-L] Sorry I am out of my office. Message-ID: I will be out of the office starting 19/12/2007 and will not return until 31/01/2008. I will respond to your message when I return. If you have a postgraduate coursework or Bachelor of Nursing - Aged Care enquiry, please contact Lee Earle for advice and direction in my absence on l.earle at griffith.edu.au or 07 3735 7982. Post-graduate matters that require academic input please contact the respective DHOS (or Acting) on each campus. Thanks Ursula. From f.cole at unsw.edu.au Mon Jan 14 06:10:53 2008 From: f.cole at unsw.edu.au (Fletcher Cole) Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2008 22:10:53 +1100 Subject: [Papyrus-L] Fletcher Cole/Commerce/UNSW/AU is out of the office. Message-ID: I will be out of the office starting 22/12/2007 and will not return until 31/01/2008. Please refer any urgent ISTM business to Margaret Lo m.lo at unsw.edu.au From lcampbell at ocean.tamu.edu Mon Jan 14 11:12:12 2008 From: lcampbell at ocean.tamu.edu (Lisa Campbell) Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2008 10:12:12 -0600 Subject: [Papyrus-L] Bibtex anyone? In-Reply-To: References: <200801141635.16456.bastill@adam.com.au> Message-ID: <200801141612.KAA0000146065@ocean.tamu.edu> i am still using Papyrus and would like to continue; but Web of Science now has a different format (authors names are listed twice now). Is it easy to make a new import format? At 02:20 AM 1/14/2008, you wrote: >>What I really want is to transfer my Papyrus data into a format >>that will be processed by a Linux/*nix utility eg Kbibtex. > >The Macintosh version of Papyrus includes import and export formats >for BibTeX. > >For the DOS version of Papyrus, we provided a BibTeX import format, >for transferring references from BibTeX to Papyrus. That import >format is still available on our website, at >. > >For transferring from Papyrus to BibTeX, you'll need to create an >appropriate Papyrus export format. You might use our BibTeX import >format as a starting point, but bear in mind that an output format >will be much simpler than the import format, as it won't need to >worry about multiple places that various bits of information may or >may not show up. > >Since you'll be creating your own output format, you can include >whichever Papyrus fields you desire (including Comments and >Abstract), with whatever tags you like. But as Denis Brown has >pointed out, Papyrus notecards don't have an equivalent in most >other bibliographic databases. > >-- > Dave Goldman (dave at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com) > > Research Software Design The PAPYRUS Bibliography System > 617 SW Hume Street > Portland OR 97219-4458 (U.S.A.) > > Technical Support: support at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com > Other Questions: info at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com > Web: http://www.ResearchSoftwareDesign.com/ >_______________________________________________ >Papyrus-L mailing list >Papyrus-L at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com >http://five.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/papyrus-l > > > >-- >No virus found in this incoming message. >Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: >269.19.2/1222 - Release Date: 1/13/2008 12:23 PM ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Dr. Lisa Campbell Professor of Oceanography and Biology mailing address: 3146 TAMU Dept. Oceanography Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843 TEL: 979-845-5706 (office) 862-7664 (lab) FAX: 979-845-6331 http://oceanography.tamu.edu/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "That which is common to the greatest number has the least care bestowed upon it" -- Aristotle -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From mourka at comcast.net Wed Jan 16 00:49:08 2008 From: mourka at comcast.net (Trent & Anne Tschirgi) Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2008 00:49:08 -0500 Subject: [Papyrus-L] Bibtex anyone? In-Reply-To: <200801141612.KAA0000146065@ocean.tamu.edu> References: <200801141635.16456.bastill@adam.com.au> <200801141612.KAA0000146065@ocean.tamu.edu> Message-ID: <478D9AD4.2060002@comcast.net> For me, it's a trial and error process-- You can start with an import format that mostly works (or somewhat works!), and then keep adjusting it until it pulls in the references on your current batch of citations. Of course, the next batch you try will have at least one citation that doesn't go in quite right, so you adjust again (or correct it manually)... --Trent T. Lisa Campbell wrote: > i am still using Papyrus and would like to continue; but Web of > Science now has a different format (authors names are listed twice now). > Is it easy to make a new import format? > > At 02:20 AM 1/14/2008, you wrote: >>> What I really want is to transfer my Papyrus data into a format >>> that will be processed by a Linux/*nix utility eg Kbibtex. >> >> The Macintosh version of Papyrus includes import and export formats >> for BibTeX. >> >> For the DOS version of Papyrus, we provided a BibTeX import format, >> for transferring references from BibTeX to Papyrus. That import >> format is still available on our website, at < >> http://www.researchsoftwaredesign.com/Formats7.html>. >> >> For transferring from Papyrus to BibTeX, you'll need to create an >> appropriate Papyrus export format. You might use our BibTeX import >> format as a starting point, but bear in mind that an output format >> will be much simpler than the import format, as it won't need to >> worry about multiple places that various bits of information may or >> may not show up. >> >> Since you'll be creating your own output format, you can include >> whichever Papyrus fields you desire (including Comments and >> Abstract), with whatever tags you like. But as Denis Brown has >> pointed out, Papyrus notecards don't have an equivalent in most other >> bibliographic databases. >> >> -- >> Dave Goldman (dave at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com) >> >> Research Software Design The PAPYRUS Bibliography System >> 617 SW Hume Street >> Portland OR 97219-4458 (U.S.A.) >> >> Technical Support: support at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com >> Other Questions: info at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com >> Web: http://www.ResearchSoftwareDesign.com/ >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Papyrus-L mailing list >> Papyrus-L at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com >> http://five.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/papyrus-l >> >> >> >> -- >> No virus found in this incoming message. >> Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: >> 269.19.2/1222 - Release Date: 1/13/2008 12:23 PM > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > Dr. Lisa Campbell > Professor of Oceanography and Biology > > mailing address: > 3146 TAMU > Dept. Oceanography > Texas A&M University > College Station, TX 77843 > > TEL: 979-845-5706 (office) 862-7664 (lab) > FAX: 979-845-6331 > http://oceanography.tamu.edu/ > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > ?/That which is common to the greatest number has the least care > bestowed upon it? > /-- Aristotle > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > _______________________________________________ > Papyrus-L mailing list > Papyrus-L at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com > http://five.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/papyrus-l > From dag.vongraven at npolar.no Mon Feb 4 14:38:39 2008 From: dag.vongraven at npolar.no (Dag Vongraven) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 20:38:39 +0100 Subject: [Papyrus-L] help with import In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <462C619566B7864280BDE2A9D68E5F9E4C92C3@louise.nett.npolar> Hi I want to try to import my references from Reference Manager 11 to my old Papyrus program, but need a RIS import format. Can anyone help me? Regards Dag Vongraven Norwegian Polar Institute Norway From mourka at comcast.net Tue Feb 5 11:15:19 2008 From: mourka at comcast.net (Trent & Anne Tschirgi) Date: Tue, 05 Feb 2008 11:15:19 -0500 Subject: [Papyrus-L] help with import In-Reply-To: <462C619566B7864280BDE2A9D68E5F9E4C92C3@louise.nett.npolar> References: <462C619566B7864280BDE2A9D68E5F9E4C92C3@louise.nett.npolar> Message-ID: <47A88B97.3040101@comcast.net> Hi Dag, You may have to make your own import format to match the output from Reference Manager (or any other such program). Its possible there is a format in the format libraries that will already work. Here are a few things to try: 1) Check Papyrus Formats for a format you know: You may already know, for example, that your copy of Refman will export references to a file in BRS Medline format. Go to the main menu of Papyrus. F for Formats B for LiBrary [enter] to find library format files (*.flb files) import.flb contains many different import formats. Arrow down to select that option. Y for yes, look into import.flb L to list library contents Y to show examples The listing includes, for example, "BRSML," the BRS Medline Long format. If that one seems to match your Refman output best, import it for use in your Papyrus. 2) Try exporting your Ref. Man. data to the known format. Export about 5 articles to a text file for testing purposes. Save it to a flash key or possibly your root directory. You will want to generate your references to a text file. Typically, you want the references to be deposited in the text file just as if they were being printed on a dot matrix printer from your University Library's horrifically expensive subscription link to Medline, in 1985! ie., Each field has a line return after it, a standard number of line returns between references, etc. 3) try to import your 5 references into Papyrus: Write down the full pathway and filename. M for Import Enter the pathway and filename-- Probably something like E:\testref1.txt -- Assuming you saved it to a flash drive that shows up as drive "E:" on your system. [F2] key may help you browse for the filename, if needed. Using format: BRSML -- ie., type in the name of your matching import format. Fussiness Level: Specify Finicky, Tolerant, or Oblivious. This defines how tolerant Papyrus is of articles that don't exactly match your import format. Try "tolerant" first. Numbering: Specify what number will be assigned to the first incoming reference. Continue answering questions in this way. Eventually it will try to import your file. 4) Review the log files. After the import attempt, Papyrus will generate testref1.log to collect any error messages. Testref1.rej contains rejected citations. Use the log file to manually tweak them into compliance, then try to import again. 5) If none of that works, try making your own import format. F Format I Input/Edit -- Specify Import format in "Type" on the screen. Definitely start by copying another format! Compulsively follow the questions as the program walks you through generating the format. Then try it out.... Best of luck in your import endeavors-- --Trent T Maryland, USA PS-- RSD provided two wirebound books with the version 7 software; Concepts/Reference and Workbook-- These are EXTREMELY helpful! They may possibly be online for download (Dave??), or for sale thru RSD, or you may be able to convince someone on this list to send/sell you theirs.... Dag Vongraven wrote: > Hi > > I want to try to import my references from Reference Manager 11 to my > old Papyrus program, but need a RIS import format. Can anyone help me? > > Regards > Dag Vongraven > Norwegian Polar Institute > Norway > _______________________________________________ > Papyrus-L mailing list > Papyrus-L at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com > http://five.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/papyrus-l > > From lcoen at sccf.org Tue Feb 5 13:36:31 2008 From: lcoen at sccf.org (Dr. Loren Coen) Date: Tue, 5 Feb 2008 13:36:31 -0500 Subject: [Papyrus-L] anyone have any suggestions? Message-ID: <00fa01c86826$072d14a0$15873de0$@org> Trying to get Papyrus to work with Vista, cannot get older PIF file to work on Vista, worked fine with XP. Loren Coen lcoen at sccf.org -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From dave at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com Tue Feb 5 13:33:06 2008 From: dave at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com (Dave Goldman) Date: Tue, 5 Feb 2008 10:33:06 -0800 Subject: [Papyrus-L] help with import In-Reply-To: <462C619566B7864280BDE2A9D68E5F9E4C92C3@louise.nett.npolar> References: <462C619566B7864280BDE2A9D68E5F9E4C92C3@louise.nett.npolar> Message-ID: >I want to try to import my references from Reference Manager 11 to my >old Papyrus program, but need a RIS import format. Can anyone help me? See . Note that we last updated our RIS import formats in 2001, at Version 8 of Reference Manager. You will probably need to make some changes to match the latest version of Reference Manager. Trent Tschirgi's email included some excellent hints about this. The Papyrus manuals, if you don't have physical copies handy, are available at . -- Dave Goldman (dave at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com) Research Software Design The PAPYRUS Bibliography System 617 SW Hume Street Portland OR 97219-4458 (U.S.A.) Technical Support: support at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com Other Questions: info at ResearchSoftwareDesign.com Web: http://www.ResearchSoftwareDesign.com/ From dag.vongraven at npolar.no Tue Feb 5 15:02:57 2008 From: dag.vongraven at npolar.no (Dag Vongraven) Date: Tue, 5 Feb 2008 21:02:57 +0100 Subject: [Papyrus-L] help with import In-Reply-To: <47A88B97.3040101@comcast.net> References: <462C619566B7864280BDE2A9D68E5F9E4C92C3@louise.nett.npolar> <47A88B97.3040101@comcast.net> Message-ID: <462C619566B7864280BDE2A9D68E5F9E4C935F@louise.nett.npolar> Hi everybody In the bottom of this mail you will find some of the export file from Ref Man 11 using the MEDLARS format. In my version of Refman you can only pick a few formats i.e. RIS, MEDLARS, Comma delimited, Tab delimited and XML. The import formats in Papyrus seem all to be bibliographical? Anyway, I am not near being successful. Appreciate all help. Kind regards Dag Vongraven Norway 1 UI - 2862 TI - Habitat use of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in the North Water area (North Baffin Bay) MH - BAFFIN-BAY MH - BAY MH - HABITAT MH - HABITAT USE MH - PHOCA-HISPIDA MH - PHOCA HISPIDA MH - RINGED SEAL MH - RINGED SEALS MH - SEALS MH - WATER RP - IN FILE L1 - c:\Refs\pdf\Arctic57-2-129.pdf SO - Arctic 2004 ;57(2):129-142 2 UI - 257 AU - 't Hart L AU - Moesker A AU - Vedder L AU - van Bree PJH TI - On the pupping period of grey seals, Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius, 1791), reproducing on a shoal near the Island of Terschelling, the Netherlands MH - GREY SEAL MH - HABITAT MH - PINNIPEDIA MH - REPRODUCTION MH - STATUS MH - GREY SEALS MH - SEALS MH - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS MH - HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS MH - ISLAND MH - THE NETHERLANDS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Zeitschrift f?r S?ugetierkunde 1988 ;53():59-60 3 UI - 2387 AU - Aanes R AU - S?ther B AU - ?ritsland NA TI - Fluctuations of an introduced population of Svalbard reindeer: The effects of density dependence and climatic variation MH - DENSITY MH - DENSITY DEPENDENCE MH - POPULATION MH - POPULATION DYNAMICS MH - RANGIFER TARANDUS MH - RANGIFER TARANDUS PLATYRHYNCHUS MH - REINDEER MH - SVALBARD RP - IN FILE SO - Ecography 2000 ;23():437-443 4 UI - 2360 AU - Aanes R AU - S?ther B AU - Smith FM AU - Cooper EJ AU - Wookey PA AU - ?ritsland NA TI - The Arctic Oscillation predicts effects of climate change in two trophic levels in a high-arctic ecosystem MH - AO MH - ARCTIC MH - CASSIOPE TETRAGONA MH - CAT MH - CLIMATE MH - ECOSYSTEM MH - GLOBAL CHANGE MH - HERBIVORES - GENERAL MH - HERBIVORY MH - HIGH ARCTIC MH - PDF MH - PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS MH - RANGIFER TARANDUS PLATYRHYNCHUS MH - REINDEER RP - IN FILE L1 - c:/Refs/pdf/Aanes1.pdf SO - Ecology Letters 2002 ;5():445-453 5 UI - 927 AU - Aaris-Sorensen K AU - Petersen KS TI - A Late Weichselian find of a polar bear (Ursus maritimus) from Denmark and reflections on the paleoenvironment MH - NOCOPY MH - POLAR BEAR MH - URSIDAE MH - URSUS MARITIMUS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Boreas (Oslo) 1984 ;13(1):29-33 6 UI - 1205 AU - Aarstrand K TI - Short term effects of different water content in feed on blue fox (Alopex lagopus) and silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) AB - Twelve blue fox vixens and twelve silver fox vixens, both species supplied with two different watering systems, were given a pelleted commercial feed, either dry containing 94% dry matter (DM) or soaked, containing 45% DM. Total water intake was 3.0 g/g DM for silver fox and 4.0 g/g DM for blue fox. The difference between species was significant. The lower water content in the dry diet was fully compensated by a higher intake of drinking water in both species. Apparent protein digestibility and DM digestibility was 79 and 80% respectively for blue fox and 85 and 85% for silver fox. The difference between species was significant. There was no effect of water content in the diet. Water spillage from the drinking nipple system was significantly higher than that from the open drinking cup system. The volume of water spillage was 80% higher than the urine volume. The content of N, P and K in the manure DM was 13.6% and 2.3% for blue foxes and 18.2%, 3.1% and 2.9% for silver foxes. Differences between species were significant MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - BLUE FOX MH - DIET MH - DIGESTIBILITY MH - FUR SPECIES MH - LAGOPUS MH - LIVESTOCK FEEDING MH - NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS-POTASSIUM MANURE MH - NOCOPY MH - PROTEIN MH - PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY MH - VULPES MH - VULPES VULPES MH - WATER INTAKE MH - WATER TURNOVER RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1992 ;6(4):419-433 7 UI - 2388 AU - Aarvik S AU - Gjertz I TI - Den flyvende isbj?rnen MH - POLAR BEAR MH - POPULAR MH - URSUS MARITIMUS MH - DEN RP - IN FILE SO - Fauna, Oslo 199 ;():12-13 8 UI - 88 AU - Abrams PA TI - The evolution of anti-predator traits in prey in response to evolutionary change in predators MH - MODELLING MH - PREDATOR/PREY MH - EVOLUTION MH - antipredator MH - TRAITS MH - PREY MH - PREDATORS MH - PREDATOR RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Oikos 1990 ;59():147-156 9 UI - 515 AU - Abrams PA TI - Life history and the relationship between food availability and foraging effort MH - FEEDING/FORAGING MH - LIFE HISTORY MH - OPTIMAL FORAGING MH - STATISTICAL METHODS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Ecology 1991 ;72(4):1242-1252 10 UI - 2317 AU - Abt KF AU - Hoyer N AU - Koch L AU - Adelung D TI - The dynamics of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) off Amrum in the south-eastern North Sea - evidence of an open population MH - DYNAMICS MH - GREY SEAL MH - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS MH - NORTH SEA MH - PDF MH - PINNIPEDIA MH - POPULATION MH - SEA MH - SEALS RP - IN FILE L1 - c:/Refs/pdf/Abt-01-02.pdf SO - Journal of Sea Research 2002 ;47():55-67 11 UI - 290 AU - Ackman RG AU - Eaton CA TI - n-3 Docosapentaenoic acid in blubber of dam and pup grey seals Halichoerus grypus: Implications in the Inuit diet and for human health MH - GREY SEAL MH - MAN MH - PHYSIOLOGY MH - PINNIPEDIA MH - BLUBBER MH - PUP MH - SEALS MH - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS MH - INUIT MH - DIET MH - HUMAN MH - GREY SEALS MH - HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS RP - IN FILE SO - Can J Zool 1988 ;66():2428-2431 12 UI - 1289 AU - Adalsteinsson S AU - Hersteinsson P AU - Gunnarsson E TI - Fox colors in relation to colors in mice and sheep AB - Color inheritance in foxes is explained in terms of homology between color loci in foxes, mice, and sheep. The hypothesis presented suggests that the loci A (agouti), B (black/chocolate brown pigment) and E (extension of eumelanin vs. phaeomelanin) all occur in foxes, both the red fox, Vulpes vulpes, and the arctic fox, Alopex lagopus. Two alleles are postulated at each locus in each species. At the A locus, the (top) dominant allele in the red fox, A-r, produces red color and the corresponding allele in the arctic fox, A-w, produces the winter-white color. The bottom recessive allele in both species is a, which results in the black color of the silver fox and a rare black color in the Icelandic arctic fox when homozygous. The B alleles are assumed to be similar in both species: B-1 dominant, producing black eumelanin, and b, recessive, producing chocolate brown eumelanin when homozygous. The recessive E allele at the E locus in homozygous form has no effect on the phenotype determined by alleles at the A locus, while E-d, the dominant allele is epistatic to the A alleles and results in Alaska black in the red fox and the dark phase in the arctic fox. Genetic formulae of various color forms of red and arctic fox and their hybrids are presented MH - ALASKA MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - FOX MH - INHERITANCE MH - LAGOPUS MH - NOCOPY MH - RED FOX MH - SHEEP MH - VULPES MH - VULPES VULPES RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Journal of Heredity 1987 ;78(4):235-237 13 UI - 1977 AU - Adam D TI - Royal Society disputes value of carbon sinks MH - CARBON MH - CARBON SINK MH - CLIMATE MH - CLIMATE CHANGE MH - POLITICS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Nature 2001 ;412():108 14 UI - 1489 AU - Adamczewski JZ AU - Flood PF AU - Gunn A TI - Body composition of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) and its estimation from condition index and mass measurements AB - We used data on the anatomical and chemical body composition of 22 muskoxen (7 adult females, 6 subadult females, 2 yearlings, 5 calves, and 2 near-term fetuses) from Victoria Island, Northwest Territories, to evaluate basic patterns of body composition and allometric growth in this species and to assess methods of estimating body composition from mass and index measurements. Ingesta-free body mass (IFBM) ranged from 9 kg in the 2 fetuses to 150 kg in the largest cow, and fatness from 2.0% of IFBM in a newborn calf to 29.0% in a mature cow. The proportion of fat increased most rapidly in muskoxen with IFBM gtoreq 100 kg. In the fatter females, about 33% of the fat was intermuscular, 27% subcutaneous, 20% abdominal, and 13% intramuscular. In muskoxen gtoreq 3 years old, ingesta accounted for 26.8 +- 1.1% of body mass and pelage for 4-4.5% of IFBM. Muscle mass was best estimated from masses of individual muscles, protein mass from IFBM, bone mass from the masses of limb bones, and ash mass from IFBM. Dissectible and total fat masses were less predictable, and were best estimated by multiple regressions combining kidney fat mass and a measure of body mass with up to three other measurements. Body composition and fat distribution in muskoxen were similar to those in cattle and sheep and the extent of fattening exceeded that reported in wild ruminants except for Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) MH - ADULT MH - BODY MASS MH - BONE MH - CALF MH - CANADA MH - CATTLE MH - DISTRIBUTION MH - FAT TISSUE MH - FAT CONTENT MH - FATNESS MH - FEMALE MH - FETUS MH - GROWTH MH - KIDNEY MH - METHODS TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT MH - MUSCLE MH - NEWBORN MH - NOCOPY MH - NORTHWEST TERRITORIES MH - OVIBOS MOSCHATUS MH - PROTEIN MH - RANGIFER TARANDUS MH - RANGIFER TARANDUS PLATYRHYNCHUS MH - REINDEER MH - SHEEP MH - SUBADULT MH - SVALBARD MH - SVALBARDREIN MH - VICTORIA MH - YEARLING RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Can J Zool 1995 ;73(11):2021-2034 15 UI - 1104 AU - Adams G AU - Spotte S TI - Effects of tertiary methods on total organic carbon removal in saline, closed-system marine mammal pools MH - ANIMAL HUSBANDRY MH - AQUARIA MH - MARINE MAMMALS - GENERAL MH - METHODS TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT MH - WATER POLLUTION RP - NOT IN FILE SO - American Journal of Veterinary Research 1980 ;41(9):1470-1474 16 UI - 141 AU - Adams SM AU - Shugart LR AU - Southworth GR TI - Application of bioindicators in assessing the health of fish populations experiencing contaminant stress. Unpubl. report, Report to the US Dept. of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC05-84OR21400 MH - BIOMARKER MH - FISH MH - INCOMPLETE MH - POLLUTION MH - BIOINDICATOR MH - POPULATIONS MH - POPULATION MH - STRESS MH - ENERGY RP - NOT IN FILE SO - 1919 ;(): 17 UI - 142 AU - Adams SM AU - Shepard KL AU - Greeley J AU - Jimenez BD AU - Ryon MG AU - Shugart LR AU - McCarthy JF TI - The use of bioindicators for assessing the effects of pollutant stress on fish MH - BIOMARKER MH - FISH MH - INCOMPLETE MH - POLLUTION MH - BIOINDICATOR MH - STRESS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Marine Environmental Research 1989 ;28(): 18 UI - 276 AU - Addison RF AU - Brodie PF TI - Transfer of organochlorine residues from blubber through the circulatory system to milk in the lactating grey seal Halichoerus grypus MH - GREY SEAL MH - LACTATION MH - PCB MH - PHYSIOLOGY MH - PINNIPEDIA MH - POLLUTION MH - organochlorine MH - ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES MH - RESIDUES MH - BLUBBER MH - SYSTEM MH - MILK MH - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS MH - HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1987 ;44():782-786 19 UI - 1048 AU - Addison RF TI - Organochlorines and marine mammal reproduction MH - BELUGA MH - NOCOPY MH - ODONTOCETI MH - ORGANOCHLORINES MH - REPRODUCTION RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1989 ;46(2):360-368 20 UI - 621 AU - Addison RF AU - Stobo WT TI - Organochlorine residue concentrations and burdens in grey seal Halichoerus grypus blubber during the first year of life MH - DDT MH - GREY SEAL MH - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS MH - PCB MH - PHYSIOLOGY MH - PINNIPEDIA MH - POLLUTION RP - NOT IN FILE SO - J Zool , Lond 1993 ;230():443-450 21 UI - 1682 AU - Addison RF AU - Ikonomou MG AU - Stobo WT TI - Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans and non-orthe- and mono-ortho-chlorine substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from Sable Island, Nova Scotia, in 1995 MH - BLOOD MH - BLUBBER MH - CANADA MH - DIOXINS MH - ECOTOXICOLOGY MH - GREY SEAL MH - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS MH - MILK MH - NORTHWEST ATLANTIC MH - PCB MH - PINNIPEDIA MH - POLLUTION MH - POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Marine Environmental Research 1999 ;47():225-240 22 UI - 1807 AU - Agardy MT TI - Accomodating ecotourism in multiple use planning of coastal and marine protected areas MH - COASTAL HABITAT MH - ECOTOURISM MH - MARINE MH - NOCOPY MH - PROTECTED AREAS MH - TOURISM RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Ocean and Coastal Management 1993 ;20(3):219 23 UI - 1803 AU - Agardy MT TI - Advances in marine conservation: the role of marine protected areas MH - CONSERVATION MH - MARINE MH - NOCOPY MH - PROTECTED AREAS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Trends in Ecology and Evolution 1994 ;9():267 24 UI - 2038 AU - Agardy T TI - Creating heavens for marine mammals MH - LEGISLATION MH - MAMMALS MH - MANAGEMENT MH - MARINE MH - PROTECTED AREAS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Issues in Science and Technology 1999 ;Fall 1999():37-44 25 UI - 1570 AU - Agnew DJ TI - The CCAMLR ecosystem monitoring programme MH - ANTARCTICA MH - ECOSYSTEM MH - ECOSYSTEM - TERRESTRIAL MH - FISHERY MH - KRILL MH - LAGOPUS MH - MODELLING MH - MONITORING MH - NUTRITION MH - PREDATOR/PREY MH - PTARMIGAN MH - REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS MH - SVALBARDRYPE] RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Antarctic Science 1997 ;9(3):235-242 26 UI - 1141 AU - Ahlstrom O AU - Skrede A TI - Fish oil as an energy source for blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) and mink (Mustela vison) in the growing-furring period AB - This investigation addressed the effects of fish oil given as different dietary fat: carbohydrate (F: C) ratios on digestibility, some physiological parameters and production performance in blue foxes and mink. Blue foxes digested the main nutrients more efficiently than did mink. Increasing the F: C ratio resulted in faster growth and heavier final body weights in blue foxes, but had no such effect on growth performance in mink. Analysis of blood lipids and plasma compounds related to the anti-oxidative system and liver vitamin E revealed few significant differences between diets. In mink, there was a significant relationship between dietary level of fish oil and vitamin-E status. Significant differences between species were found for hematocrit, haemoglobin, plasma vitamin-E liver, vitamin E, plasma triacylglycerols, plasma superoxide dismutase and plasma ASAT. As there were no clinical symptoms of malfunctions in the anti-oxidative system, it was concluded that both species tolerate high levels of good-quality fish oil. In blue foxes, fur-quality characteristics were little influenced by the F:C ratio. In mink, fur-quality characteristics were highest in the intermediate F:C ratios, whereas the highest F:C ratio (60:10) tended to reduce skin length and length of guard fur MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ANEMIA MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - BLOOD MH - BLUE FOX MH - BODY WEIGHT MH - CARBOHYDRATE MH - DIET MH - DIGESTIBILITY MH - ENERGY MH - FAT TISSUE MH - FISH MH - FISH OIL MH - FUR MH - FUR QUALITY MH - LAGOPUS MH - LIPID MH - LIVER MH - MINK MH - MORTALITY MH - MUSTELA VISON MH - NOCOPY MH - PERFORMANCE MH - POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID MH - SKIN MH - STATUS MH - TOXICITY MH - TRIACYLGLYCEROL MH - VITAMIN E MH - YELLOW-FAT DISEASE RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 1995 ;74(3):146-156 27 UI - 1145 AU - Ahlstrom O AU - Skrede A TI - Feed with divergent fat: Carbohydrate ratios for blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) and mink (Mustela vison) in the growing-furring period AB - A study was carried out to investigate the effect of divergent dietary fat:carbohydrate (F:C) ratios on growth, general health status and fur quality in blue fox and mink during the growingfurring period. The F:C ratios, as percentages of metabolizable energy, ranged from 65:5 to 40:30. Lard and soybean oil were used as experimental fat sources and precooked wheat and oats, and extruded corn as carbohydrate sources. In blue foxes (n=20), higher F:C ratios resulted in increased energy intake (ME), higher final body weight and longer skins. Neither health status nor fur quality in blue foxes was affected significantly by the F:C ratio. In mink (n=64) it was found that with the highest F:C ratios there seemed to be an increase in ME consumption per body weight gain. It was also found that very high F:C ratios had a negative effect on fur quality in mink, possibly owing to impaired guard hair growth. We conclude that blue foxes can tolerate higher F:C ratios than mink MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - BLUE FOX MH - BODY WEIGHT MH - CARBOHYDRATE MH - ENERGY MH - FAT TISSUE MH - FUR MH - FUR QUALITY MH - GENERAL HEALTH STATUS MH - GROWTH MH - HAIR MH - HAIR GROWTH MH - INCREASED ENERGY INTAKE MH - LAGOPUS MH - MINK MH - MUSTELA VISON MH - NOCOPY MH - SKIN MH - STATUS MH - WEIGHT GAIN RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1995 ;9(1-2):115-126 28 UI - 1156 AU - Ahlstrom O AU - Skrede A TI - Comparative nutrient digestibility in blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) and mink (Mustela vison) fed diets with diverging fat: Carbohydrate ratios AB - Nutrient digestibilities were evaluated in comparative experiments with blue foxes and mink by using six diets differing in fat:carbohydrate (F:C) ratios. In mink, apparent digestibilities of N and amino acids decreased with decreasing F:C ratio. N digestibility, and most amino acid digestibilities, were higher in blue foxes than in mink (P lt 0.01). Fat digestibility in mink, but not in blue foxes, declined as the F:C ratio decreased (P lt 0.05). Fat digestibility was higher in blue foxes than in mink (P lt 0.05). Carbohydrate digestibility was not affected by the F:C ratio, but high levels of carbohydrates were digested more completely by foxes than by mink. The use of mink digestibility values in feed evaluations for blue foxes will consequently underestimate digestibility. Thus, to evaluate feed correctly, separate digestibility determinations should be made for mink and foxes MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - BLUE FOX MH - CARBOHYDRATE MH - DIET MH - DIGESTIBILITY MH - DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MH - ENERGY MH - FAT TISSUE MH - FEEDING/FORAGING MH - FUR FARMING MH - LAGOPUS MH - MINK MH - MUSTELA VISON RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A Animal Science 1995 ;45(1):74-80 29 UI - 1113 AU - Ahlstrom O AU - Skrede A TI - Liver fatty acid composition and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidase activity in blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) and mink (Mustela vison) fed diets containing different levels of fish oil AB - At the time of pelting (Nov.), blue foxes had a lower liver lipid content (4-5%) than mink (710%), whereas the phospholipid (PL) content was 0.5-1% in both species. Dietary fat content had little influence on total liver fat content but affected the liver fatty acid composition. Levels of n3 fatty acids were higher in the PL fraction than in the remaining fraction of liver lipids in both species. Because PL accounted for a larger part of the total liver lipids in blue foxes than in mink, the proportion of the total liver lipids accounted for by n3 fatty acids was highest in blue foxes. On the other hand, the mink and foxes had about the same quantity of n3 per gram liver owing to higher fat content of mink liver. Analyses of liver lipid fatty acid composition did not reveal any differences between the species in their ability to metabolize n3 fatty acids originating from fish oil. Peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity in the liver was significantly higher in blue foxes than in mink. For both species the total activity rose as the level of dietary fish oil increased MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - BLUE FOX MH - DIET MH - FAT TISSUE MH - FATS AND OILS MH - FATTY ACID MH - FEEDING/FORAGING MH - FISH MH - FISH OIL MH - LAGOPUS MH - LIPID MH - LIPID CONTENT MH - LIVER MH - METABOLISM MH - MINK MH - MUSTELA VISON MH - N3 FATTY ACIDS MH - NOCOPY MH - PEROXISOMAL ACTIVITY MH - PHOSPHOLIPIDS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 1997 ;117(1):135-140 30 UI - 372 AU - Ak?akaya R TI - Population cycles of mammals: Evidence for a ratio-dependent predation hypothesis MH - CANIDAE MH - ECOLOGY MH - FELIDS MH - MAMMALS MH - MODELLING MH - POPULATION PARAMETERS MH - PREDATOR/PREY MH - RODENT MH - TEMPORAL CYCLES RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Ecological Monographs 1992 ;62(1):119-142 31 UI - 2419 AU - Albalat A AU - Potrykus J AU - Pempkowiak J AU - Porte C TI - Assessment of organotin pollution along the Polish coast (Baltic Sea) by using mussels and fish as sentinel organisms MH - ASSESSMENT MH - BALTIC MH - BALTIC SEA MH - COAST MH - FISH MH - MYTILUS EDULIS MH - ORGANOTIN MH - PDF MH - POLLUTION MH - SEA MH - TBT MH - TRIBUTYLTIN RP - IN FILE L1 - c:/Refs/pdf/Albalat-01-02.pdf SO - Chemosphere 2002 ;47():165-171 32 UI - 592 AU - Alberico JAR AU - Reed JM AU - Oring LW TI - Non-random philopatry of sibling Spotted sandpipers Actitis macularia MH - AVES MH - DISPERSAL RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Ornis Scandinavia 1992 ;23():504-508 33 UI - 1518 AU - Alendal E AU - De Bie S AU - Van Wieren SE TI - Size and composition of the wild reindeer, Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus, population in the southeast Svalbard Nature Reserve, Norway MH - NOCOPY MH - NORWAY MH - POPULATION MH - RANGIFER TARANDUS MH - RANGIFER TARANDUS PLATYRHYNCHUS MH - REINDEER MH - SIZE MH - SVALBARD MH - SVALBARDREIN RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Holarctic Ecology 1979 ;2(2):101-107 34 UI - 545 AU - Alexander RD AU - Hoogland JL AU - Howard RD AU - Noonan KM AU - Sherman PW TI - Sexual dimorphism and breeding systems in pinnipeds, ungulates, primates and humans MH - BEHAVIOUR MH - MAMMALS MH - MAN MH - MATING SYSTEM MH - PINNIPEDIA MH - PRIMATES MH - SEX RATIO MH - SEXUAL DIMORPHISM MH - SOCIAL MH - UNGULATES T2 - Evolutionary biology and human social behaviour: An anthropological perspective A2 - Chagnon NA PB - Belmont, California: Duxbury Press RP - NOT IN FILE SO - 1979 ;():403-435 35 UI - 2224 AU - Allen JRM AU - Brandt U AU - Brauer A AU - Hubberten HW AU - Huntley B AU - Keller J AU - Kraml M AU - Mackensen A AU - Mingram J AU - Negendank JFW AU - Nowaczyk NR AU - Oberh?nsli H AU - Watts WA AU - Wulf S AU - Zolitschka B TI - Rapid environmental changes in southern Europe during the last glacial period MH - CLIMATE MH - CLIMATE PROXY MH - CLIMATE CHANGE MH - EUROPE MH - GREENLAND MH - ICE COVER MH - SEDIMENTS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Nature 1999 ;400():740-743 36 UI - 1639 AU - Allen TFH AU - Hoekstra TW TI - The integration of ecological studies - comment on Rowe's article MH - DEBATE MH - ECOSYSTEM RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Functional Ecology 1992 ;6():118-119 37 UI - 1600 AU - Allendorf FW TI - The conservation biologist as Zen student MH - CONSERVATION MH - DEBATE RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Conservation Biology 1997 ;11():1045-1046 38 UI - 1064 AU - Alling AK AU - Whitehead HP TI - A preliminary study of the status of white-beaked dolphins, Lagenorhynchus albirostris, and other small cetaceans off the coast of Labrador (Canada) MH - BELUGA MH - CANADA MH - LAGENORHYNCHUS ALBIROSTRIS MH - NOCOPY MH - ODONTOCETI MH - STATUS MH - WHITE-BEAKED DOLPHIN RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Canadian Field-Naturalist 1987 ;101(2):131-135 39 UI - 461 AU - Altmann J TI - Observational study of behavior: Sampling methods MH - BEHAVIOUR MH - RESEARCH TECHNIQUES MH - SOCIAL RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Behaviour 1974 ;49():227-267 40 UI - 471 AU - Altmann SA AU - Altmann J TI - On the analysis of rates of behaviour MH - BEHAVIOUR MH - RESEARCH TECHNIQUES MH - STATISTICAL METHODS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Animal Behaviour 1977 ;25():364-372 41 UI - 1601 AU - Alvard MS AU - Robinson JG AU - Redford KH AU - Kaplan H TI - The sustainability of subsistence hunting in the neotropics MH - HUNTING MH - MANAGEMENT MH - SPECIES MANAGEMENT MH - SUBSISTENCE HARVEST RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Conservation Biology 1997 ;11():977-982 42 UI - 2814 AU - Alvarez-Flores CM AU - Heide-Jorgensen MP TI - A risk assessment of the sustainability of the harvest of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas 1776)) in West Greenland AB - Risk assessments to assess the efficiency of management procedures to regulate removals of marine mammals have rarely been conducted. Using Bayesian methods, we conducted a risk assessment on a harvested beluga population off West Greenland. The population size in recent years was estimated to be 22% of the size in 1954. Results indicate that current catches are unsustainable and that continuation of this situation represents a 90% probability that the population will become extinct in 20 years. The analyses suggest that the harvest should be reduced to no more than 130 animals. Constant catch quotas represent a greater risk of depletion compared with catch limits that are a function of harvest rate and population size. An alternative gradual reduction schedule is proposed as a viable strategy, reducing the harvest in 5 years and adjusting the subsequent quota using a harvest rate of 0.5 of R-max, with updates in the abundance. This analysis is presented as an alternative for cases where an immediate catch reduction is desirable but not feasible for marine mammal populations that appear vulnerable or in danger and where catch and abundance data are available. (C) 2004 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved MH - ABUNDANCE MH - ANIMAL MH - Animals MH - ASSESSMENT MH - BELUGA MH - beluga hunt MH - DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS MH - DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS MH - efficiency MH - extinct MH - FISHERIES MH - GREENLAND MH - HARVEST MH - mammal MH - MAMMALS MH - MANAGEMENT MH - MARINE MH - marine mammal MH - MARINE MAMMALS MH - MARINE-MAMMALS MH - MONODON-MONOCEROS MH - MORE MH - NARWHALS MH - POPULATION MH - POPULATION SIZE MH - POPULATION-SIZE MH - POPULATIONS MH - probability MH - RECENT MH - RISK MH - risk assessment MH - SEA MH - SIZE MH - STOCK ASSESSMENT MH - STRATEGIES MH - sustainability MH - WEST GREENLAND RP - NOT IN FILE NT - JAPR IS - 1054-3139 UR - ISI:000220422300012 L1 - c:\Refs\pdf\06337.pdf SO - Ices Journal of Marine Science 2004 ;61(2):274-286 43 UI - 1837 AU - Amado GM AU - Andrade LR AU - Karez CS AU - Farina M AU - Pfeiffer WC TI - Brown algae species as biomonitors of Zn and Cd at Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil MH - BENTHOS MH - BIOACCUMULATION MH - CADMIUM MH - HEAVY METALS MH - LEAD MH - MONITORING MH - POLLUTION MH - SAMMENDRAG MH - ZINC RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Marine Environmental Research 1999 ;48():213-224 44 UI - 2601 AU - Amano M AU - Yoshioka M TI - Sperm whale diving behavior monitored using a suction-cup-attached TDR tag MH - BEHAVIOR MH - CETACEA MH - DIVING MH - ODONTOCETI MH - PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS MH - SPERM MH - SPERM WHALE MH - TDR MH - WHALE RP - IN FILE L1 - c:\Refs\pdf\05017.pdf SO - Mar Ecol Prog Ser 2003 ;258():291-295 45 UI - 2784 AU - Amaral AR AU - Sequeira M AU - Coelho MM TI - A first approach to the usefulness of cytochrome c oxidase I barcodes in the identification of closely related delphinid cetacean species AB - The DNA barcode initiative has gained particular popularity as a promising tool to assist in species identification by using a single mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). In some animal groups, COI barcodes have proved efficient in separating closely related taxa. However, several issues remain for discussion, namely how efficient this tool will be in animal groups with an unresolved taxonomy. Here, we examined COI sequences in delphinid cetaceans, a group where taxonomic uncertainty still exists. We analysed species belonging to the genera Stenella, Tursiops and Delphinus in the North-east Atlantic using cytochrome b gene sequences for comparison. We obtained values of COI interspecific genetic divergence ranging from 1.47% to 2.45%, which suggests a recent separation of the analysed taxa. S. coeruleoalba and D. delphis were the most similar species, with COI phylogenetic trees failing to separate them. On the other hand, the phylogenetic tree obtained with cytochrome b sequences correctly clustered species with high bootstrap support values. We thus consider that the application of COI barcodes in delphinid cetaceans should be done with caution; not only has the cytochrome b gene been shown to be phylogenetically more informative, but relying only on mitochondrial DNA genes alone may be problematic MH - ANIMAL MH - ATLANTIC MH - bootstrap MH - BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN MH - cetacean MH - CETACEANS MH - COMMON DOLPHIN MH - CONSERVATION MH - CYTOCHROME B GENE MH - cytochrome c oxidase I MH - DELPHINIDAE MH - DNA MH - dolphins MH - GENE MH - GENETIC DIVERGENCE MH - GENETICS MH - GENUS MH - IDENTIFICATION MH - MITOCHONDRIAL DNA MH - MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA MH - MORE MH - north-east Atlantic MH - NORTHEAST ATLANTIC MH - phylogenetic inference MH - POPULATION-STRUCTURE MH - RECENT MH - sequence MH - SEQUENCES MH - STENELLA MH - STRIPED DOLPHIN MH - SURVEILLANCE MH - TAXONOMY MH - Tursiops MH - VALUES MH - VARIABILITY RP - NOT IN FILE NT - J IS - 1323-1650 UR - ISI:000247612900001 L1 - c:\Refs\pdf\17237.pdf SO - Marine and Freshwater Research 2007 ;58(6):505-510 46 UI - 347 AU - Amoroso EC AU - Mathews JH TI - The growth of the grey seal from birth to weaning MH - ASSESSMENT MH - BIRTH MH - GREY SEAL MH - GROWTH/LENGTH DISTRIBUTIONS MH - MORTEN MH - PARENTAL INVESTMENT MH - PINNIPEDIA RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Journal of Anatomy 1951 ;85():427-428 47 UI - 453 AU - Amos B AU - Barrett J AU - Dover GA TI - Breeding system and social structure in the Faroese pilot whale as revealed by DNA fingerprinting MH - ALTRUISM MH - BEHAVIOUR MH - CETACEA MH - GENETICS MH - KILLER WHALE MH - NORTH ATLANTIC MH - NORTHERN HEMISPHERE MH - ODONTOCETI MH - PILOT WHALE - LONG-FINNED MH - REPRODUCTION MH - SELECTION KIN MH - SOCIAL RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Reports of the International Whaling Commission (special issue) 1991 ;13():255-268 48 UI - 464 AU - Amos B AU - Barrett J AU - Dover GA TI - Breeding behaviour of pilot whales revealed by DNA fingerprinting MH - BEHAVIOUR MH - CETACEA MH - GENETICS MH - ODONTOCETI MH - PILOT WHALE - LONG-FINNED MH - REPRODUCTION MH - SOCIAL RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Heredity 1991 ;67():49-55 49 UI - 2203 AU - Amos B AU - Schlotterer C AU - Tautz D TI - Social structure of pilot whales revealed by analytical DNA profiling MH - CETACEA MH - DNA MH - EVOLUTION MH - GENETICS MH - GROUP STRUCTURE MH - MAMMALS MH - MATING SYSTEM MH - ODONTOCETI MH - PDF MH - PILOT WHALE MH - PILOT WHALE - LONG-FINNED MH - RELATEDNESS MH - SAMMENDRAG MH - SOCIAL MH - SOCIAL STRUCTURE MH - STRUCTURE MH - WHALE RP - IN FILE L1 - c:\refs\pdf\amos01.pdf SO - Science 1993 ;260():670-672 50 UI - 180 AU - Amos W TI - DNA-fingerprinting of whale populations. Uidentifisert manuskript MH - CETACEA MH - GENETICS MH - INCOMPLETE MH - NORTH ATLANTIC MH - NORTHERN HEMISPHERE MH - PILOT WHALE - LONG-FINNED MH - WHALE MH - POPULATIONS MH - POPULATION RP - NOT IN FILE SO - 1919 ;(): 51 UI - 894 AU - Amstrup SC AU - Nielsen CA TI - Acute gastric dilatation and volvulus in a free-living polar bear AB - A large, adult male polar bear (Ursus maritimus) was found dead on a barrier island north of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (USA), in June 1987. There were no external signs of trauma. A twisted distended stomach, distinctive parenchymal and fascial congestion, and significant difficulty in repositioning the anterior abdominal organs, indicated that gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) was the proximate cause of death. Polar bears frequently consume large quantities of food at one time and have large stomachs that are well adapted to periodic gorging. The scarcity of food in winter and early spring, combined with voluntary fasting and protracted vigorous activity during the breeding season in late spring may have predisposed this bear to GDV. The relationship between GDV and postprandial exercise emphasizes the need for a better understanding of how the present human invasion of arctic habitats may influence polar bear activities MH - ADULT MH - ALASKA MH - ARCTIC MH - FASTING MH - HABITAT MH - HUMAN MH - MALE MH - NECROPSY MH - NOCOPY MH - POLAR BEAR MH - POSTPRANDIAL EXERCISE MH - URSIDAE MH - URSUS MARITIMUS MH - USA RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1989 ;25(4):601-604 52 UI - 851 AU - Amstrup SC AU - Garner GW AU - Cronin MA AU - Patton JC TI - Sex identification of polar bears from blood and tissue samples AB - Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) can be adversely affected by hunting and other human perturbations because of low population densities and low reproduction rates. The sustainable take of adult females may he as low as 1.5% of the population. Females and accompanying young are most vulnerable to hunting, and hunters have not consistently reported the sex composition of the harvest, therefore a method to confirm the sexes of polar bears harvested in Alaska is needed. Evidence of the sex of harvested animals is often not available, but blood or other tissue samples often are. We extracted DNA from tissue and blood samples, and amplified segments of zinc finger (ZFX and ZFY) genes from both X and Y chromosomes with the polymerase chain reaction. Digestion of amplified portions of the X chromosome with the restriction enzyme HaeIII resulted in subdivision of the original amplified segment into four smaller fragments. Digestion with HaeIII did not subdivide the original segment amplified from the Y chromosome. The differing fragment sizes produced patterns in gel electrophoresis that distinguished samples from male and female bears 100% of the time. This technique is applicable to the investigation of many wildlife management and research questions MH - ADULT MH - ALASKA MH - BLOOD MH - DENSITY MH - DNA MH - FEMALE MH - HARVEST MH - HUMAN MH - HUNTING MH - MALE MH - MANAGEMENT MH - NOCOPY MH - POLAR BEAR MH - REPRODUCTION MH - SEX MH - URSIDAE MH - URSUS MARITIMUS MH - WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Can J Zool 1993 ;71(11):2174-2177 53 UI - 854 AU - Amstrup SC TI - Human disturbances of denning polar bears in Alaska AB - Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth in dens of snow and ice. The altricial neonates cannot leave the den for gt 2 months post-partum and are potentially vulnerable to disturbances near dens. The coastal plain (1002) area of Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) lies in a region of known polar bear denning and also may contain gt 9 billion barrels of recoverable oil. Polar bears in dens could be affected in many ways by hydrocarbon development, but neither the distribution of dens nor the sensitivity of bears in dens has been known. I documented the distribution of dens on ANWR between 1981 and 1992 and observed responses of bears in dens to various anthropogenic disturbances. Of 44 dens located by radiotelemetry on the mainland coast of Alaska and Canada, 20 (45%) were on ANWR and 15 (34%) were within the 1002 area. Thus, development of ANWR will increase the potential that denning polar bears are disturbed by human activities. However, perturbations resulting from capture, marking, and radiotracking maternal bears did not affect litter sizes or stature of cubs produced. Likewise, 10 of 12 denned polar bears tolerated exposure to exceptional levels of activity. This tolerance and the fact that investment in the denning effort increases through the winter indicated that spatial and temporal restrictions on developments could prevent the potential for many disruptions of denned bears from being realized MH - ALASKA MH - ARCTIC MH - BIRTH MH - CANADA MH - DEN MH - DENNING MH - DISTRIBUTION MH - HUMAN MH - HUMAN IMPACT MH - OIL DEVELOPMENT MH - POLAR BEAR MH - RADIOTELEMETRY MH - REPRODUCTION MH - URSIDAE MH - URSUS MARITIMUS MH - USA RP - IN FILE L1 - c:\Refs\pdf\Arctic46-3-246.pdf SO - Arctic 1993 ;46(3):246-250 54 UI - 850 AU - Amstrup SC AU - Gardner C TI - Polar bear maternity denning in the Beaufort Sea AB - The distribution of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) is circumpolar in the Northern Hemisphere, but known locations of maternal dens are concentrated in relatively few, widely scattered locations. Denning is either uncommon or unknown within gaps between known denning concentration areas. The Beaufort Sea region of Alaska and Canada lies in the largest of those gaps. To understand effects of industrial development and proposed increases in hunting, the temporal and spatial distribution of denning in the Beaufort Sea must be known. We captured and radio-collared polar bears between 1981 and 1991 and determined that denning in the Beaufort Sea region was sufficient to account for the estimated population there. Of 90 dens, 48 were on drifting pack ice, 38 on land, and 4 on land-fast ice. The proportion of dens on land was higher (P = 0.029) in later compared with earlier years of the study. Bears denning on pack ice drifted as far as 997 km ( hivin x = 385 km) while in dens. There was no difference in cub production by bears denning on land and pack ice (P = 0.66). Mean entry and exit dates were 11 November and 5 April for land dens and 22 November and 26 March for pack-ice dens. Female polar bears captured in the Beaufort Sea appeared to be isolated from those caught east of Cape Bathurst in Canada. Of 35 polar bears that denned along the mainland coast of Alaska and Canada 80% denned between 137 degree 00'W and 146 degree 59'W. Bears followed to gt 1 den did not reuse sites and consecutive dens were 20-1,304 km apart. However, radio-collared bears were largely faithful to substrate (pack-ice, land, and land-fast ice) and the general geographic area of previous dens. Bears denning on land may be vulnerable to human activities such as hunting and industrial development. However, predictable denning chronology and lack of site fidelity indicate that many potential impacts on denning polar bears could be mitigated MH - ALASKA MH - ARCTIC MH - BEAUFORT SEA MH - CANADA MH - DENNING MH - DISTRIBUTION MH - FEMALE MH - HABITAT DESTRUCTION MH - HIBERNATION MH - HUMAN MH - HUNTING MH - MATERNITY MH - NOCOPY MH - NORTHERN HEMISPHERE MH - POLAR BEAR MH - PRESERVATION MH - RADIOTELEMETRY MH - REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY MH - SATELLITE MONITORING MH - URSIDAE MH - URSUS MARITIMUS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Journal of Wildlife Management 1994 ;58(1):1-10 55 UI - 831 AU - Amstrup SC AU - Durner GM TI - Survival rates of radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent young AB - Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are hunted throughout most of their range. In addition to hunting, polar bears of the Beaufort Sea region are exposed to mineral and hydrocarbon extraction and related human activities such as shipping, road building, and seismic testing. As human populations increase and demands for polar bears and other arctic resources escalate, reliable estimates of survivorship of polar bears are needed to predict and manage the impacts of those activities. We used the Kaplan-Meier model to estimate annual survival (with 95% confidence intervals) for radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent young that were followed during a 12-year study in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Survival of adult female polar bears was higher than had been previously thought: cxa S = 0.969 (range 0.952-0.983). If human-caused mortalities were deleted, the computed survival rate was 0.996 (0.990-1.002). Survival of young from den exit to weaning was 0.676 (0.634-0.701). Survival during the second year of life, 0.860 (0.751-0.903), was substantially higher than during the first year, 0.651 (0.610-0.675). Shooting by local hunters accounted for 85% of the documented deaths of adult female polar bears. Conversely, 90% of documented losses of young accompanying radio-collared females were not directly caused by humans. Deaths of dependent young were independent of litter size (P = 0.36), indicating that parental investment in single cubs was not different from investment in litters of two or more. Precise estimates of the survival of independent juveniles and adult males still need to be developed MH - ADULT MH - ARCTIC MH - FEMALE MH - HUMAN MH - HUNTING MH - LITTER SIZE MH - MALE MH - MATHEMATICAL MODEL MH - MORTALITY MH - NOCOPY MH - PARENTAL INVESTMENT MH - POLAR BEAR MH - URSIDAE MH - URSUS MARITIMUS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Can J Zool 1995 ;73(7):1312-1322 56 UI - 1939 AU - Amstrup SC AU - Durner GM AU - Stirling I AU - Lunn NJ AU - Messier F TI - Movements and distribution of polar bears in the Beaufort Sea MH - ALASKA MH - BEAUFORT SEA MH - DISTRIBUTION MH - MOVEMENT MH - POLAR BEAR MH - SATELITTE TRACKING MH - SATELLITE TELEMETRY MH - URSIDAE MH - URSUS MARITIMUS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Can J Zool 2000 ;78():948-966 57 UI - 2083 AU - Amstrup SC TI - Polar bear MH - ALASKA MH - ARCTIC MH - CONSERVATION MH - DEN MH - DEVELOPMENT MH - DISTRIBUTION MH - HISTORY MH - MOVEMENT MH - POLAR BEAR MH - POPULATION STATUS MH - RESEARCH PRIORITIES MH - URSIDAE MH - URSUS MARITIMUS T2 - The natural history of an Arctic oil field: development and the biota A2 - Truett JJ PB - New York: Academic Press Inc. RP - NOT IN FILE SO - 2000 ;():133-157 58 UI - 1948 AU - Amstrup SC AU - McDonald TL AU - Stirling I TI - Polar bears in the Beaufort Sea: A 30-year mark-recapture case history MH - ALASKA MH - BEAUFORT SEA MH - HISTORY MH - MARK-RECAPTURE MH - MODELLING MH - POLAR BEAR MH - POPULATION ABUNDANCE MH - RADIOTELEMETRY MH - SATELLITE TELEMETRY MH - URSIDAE MH - URSUS MARITIMUS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 2001 ;6():221-234 59 UI - 2839 AU - Amstrup SC AU - Durner GM AU - Stirling I AU - McDonald TL TI - Allocating harvests among polar bear stocks in the Beaufort Sea AB - Recently, First Nation (FN) organizations have entered into agreements with federal and provincial government representatives to remediate radar-line sites in Ontario. These agreements stipulated that FN people would take part in the site delineation and remediation process to gain job experience and economic benefits. One important aspect of the process was protecting FN personnel from contaminant exposure and thus, from potential negative health outcomes associated with the cleanup work itself. In this paper, we describe the safety precautions used by FN workers preparing Mid-Canada Radar Line (MCRL) Site 050 for Phase 2 of the delineation process and the health monitoring protocol that was tested. We measured concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs as Aroclor 1260), 14 individual PCB congeners, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, nine other organochlorine pesticides, and lead in the blood of Fort Albany FN workers before they started work at Site 050 and approximately a week before they completed their three-month work period in the contaminated zone. No significant differences were found in the paired samples. These results indicate that the safety precautions taken were adequate for the work and the site in question. The monitoring protocol discussed here may be used as a template and modified to meet the specific needs of other projects. The results of this study are important because other Aboriginal groups have entered or will be entering into agreements with government organizations for the remediation of other MCRL sites in Ontario and across Canada. MH - HARVEST MH - POLAR BEAR MH - bear MH - BEAUFORT SEA MH - SEA MH - ORGANIZATION MH - SITE MH - SAFETY MH - MONITORING MH - polychlorinated biphenyls MH - POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS MH - PCBS MH - PCB MH - PCB CONGENERS MH - organochlorine MH - ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES MH - PESTICIDES MH - LEAD MH - BLOOD MH - CANADA RP - IN FILE SO - Arctic 2005 ;58(3):233-240 60 UI - 2454 AU - Amundsen I AU - Iosjpe M AU - Reistad O AU - Lind B AU - Gussgaard K AU - Strand P AU - Borghuis S AU - Sickel M AU - Dowdall M TI - The accidental sinking of the nuclear submarine, the Kursk: monitoring of radioactivity and the preliminary assessment of the potential impact of radioactive releases MH - ASSESSMENT MH - KURSK MH - MONITORING MH - nuclear MH - PDF MH - RUSSIA RP - IN FILE L1 - c:/Refs/pdf/Amundsen-01-02-pdf SO - Mar Poll Bull 2002 ;44():459-468 61 UI - 2824 AU - Andersen EK TI - ?koturisme til besv?r MH - eco-tourism MH - TOURISM MH - WHALEWATCHING RP - IN FILE L1 - c:\Refs\pdf\?koturisme-forskning.no.pdf L2 - http://www.forskning.no/Artikler/2004/mars/1078820877.46 SO - http://forskning no 2004 ;(): 62 UI - 2642 AU - Andersen G AU - F?reid S AU - Skaare JU AU - Jenssen BM AU - Lydersen C AU - Kovacs KM TI - Levels of toxaphene congeners in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway MH - DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS MH - DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS MH - NORWAY MH - organochlorine MH - pollutants MH - SVALBARD MH - TOXAPHENE MH - WHALE MH - whales MH - WHITE WHALE RP - IN FILE L1 - c:\refs\pdf\11015.pdf SO - Science of the Total Environment 2006 ;357():128-137 63 UI - 1348 AU - Andersen K AU - Sundby A AU - Hansson V TI - Fine structure and FSH binding of Sertoli cells in the blue fox (Alopex lagopus) in different stages of reproductive activity MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - BLUE FOX MH - FOX MH - FSH MH - LAGOPUS MH - NOCOPY MH - STRUCTURE RP - NOT IN FILE SO - International Journal of Andrology 1981 ;4(5):570-581 64 UI - 2198 AU - Andersen LW AU - Born EW AU - Gjertz I AU - Wiig ? AU - Holm LE AU - Bendixen C TI - Population structure and gene flow of the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the eastern Atlantic Arctic based on mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite variation MH - ARCTIC MH - ATLANTIC MH - ATLANTIC WALRUS MH - DNA MH - EASTERN ATLANTIC MH - GENE FLOW MH - GENETICS MH - ODOBENUS ROSMARUS MH - ODOBENUS ROSMARUS ROSMARUS MH - PINNIPEDIA MH - POPULATION MH - POPULATION STRUCTURE MH - SAMMENDRAG MH - STRUCTURE MH - SVALBARD MH - WALRUS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Molecular Ecology 1998 ;7():1323-1336 65 UI - 2761 AU - Anderson CJR AU - Roth JD AU - Waterman JM TI - Can whisker spot patterns be used to identify individual polar bears? AB - Studies of population dynamics, movement patterns and animal behavior usually require identification of individuals. We evaluated the reliability of using whisker spot patterns to noninvasively identify individual polar bears Ursus maritimus. We obtained the locations of polar bear whisker spots from photographs taken in western Hudson Bay, tested the independence of spot locations, estimated the complexity of each spot pattern in terms of information and determined whether each whisker spot pattern was reliable from its information content. Of the 50 whisker spot patterns analyzed, 98% contained enough information to be reliable, and this result varied little among observers. Photographs taken < 50 m from polar bears were most useful. Our results suggest that individual identification of polar bears in the field based on whisker spot pattern variations is reliable. Researchers studying polar bear behavior or estimating population parameters can benefit from this method if proximity to the bears is feasible MH - ANIMAL MH - ANIMAL BEHAVIOR MH - BAY MH - bear MH - BEHAVIOR MH - DYNAMICS MH - FIELD MH - HUDSON BAY MH - INDIVIDUALS MH - INFORMATION MH - information theory MH - LIONS MH - MOVEMENT MH - MOVEMENT PATTERN MH - natural marking MH - noninvasive MH - PATTERNS MH - photograph MH - PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION MH - PLAY MH - POLAR BEAR MH - POPULATION MH - POPULATION DYNAMICS MH - POPULATION PARAMETERS MH - POPULATION-DYNAMICS MH - proximity MH - reliability MH - URSUS MARITIMUS MH - URSUS-MARITIMUS MH - URSUS-MARITIMUS PHIPPS MH - whales RP - NOT IN FILE NT - JDEC IS - 0952-8369 UR - ISI:000250944800001 L1 - c:\Refs\pdf\j.1469-7998.2007.00340.pdf SO - Journal of Zoology 2007 ;273(4):333-339 66 UI - 2424 AU - Anderson DR AU - Burnham KP AU - Lubow BC AU - Thomas L AU - Corn PS AU - Medica PA AU - Marlow RW TI - Field trials of line transect methods applied to estimation of desert tortoise abundance MH - ABUNDANCE MH - FIELD MH - LINE TRANSECT MH - METHODS TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT MH - SAMMENDRAG MH - SURVEY - GENERAL RP - IN FILE SO - Journal of Wildlife Management 2001 ;65(3):583-597 67 UI - 215 AU - Anderson I TI - Global hum threatens to "deafen" whales MH - ACOUSTICS MH - CETACEA MH - HEARING MH - OCEANOGRAPHY MH - whales MH - WHALE RP - NOT IN FILE SO - New Scientist 1991 ;1752():19 68 UI - 269 AU - Anderson SS AU - Burton RW AU - Summers CF TI - Behaviour of grey seals Halichoerus grypus during a breeding season at North Rona MH - BEHAVIOUR MH - GREY SEAL MH - HABITAT MH - MATING SYSTEM MH - MORTEN MH - PINNIPEDIA MH - REPRODUCTION MH - GREY SEALS MH - SEALS MH - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS MH - HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS MH - BREEDING MH - BREEDING SEASON RP - NOT IN FILE SO - J Zool , Lond 1975 ;177():179-195 69 UI - 231 AU - Anderson SS AU - Harwood J TI - Time budgets and topography: How energy reserves and terrain determine the breeding behaviour of grey seals MH - BEHAVIOUR MH - ECOLOGY MH - EVOLUTION MH - GREY SEAL MH - MORTEN MH - PINNIPEDIA MH - REPRODUCTION MH - SOCIAL MH - TIME MH - ENERGY MH - BREEDING MH - GREY SEALS MH - SEALS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Animal Behaviour 1985 ;33():1343-1348 70 UI - 287 AU - Anderson SS AU - Fedak MA TI - Grey seal males: Energetic and behavioural links between size and sexual success MH - AGGRESSION MH - BEHAVIOUR MH - DOMINANCE MH - ENERGETICS MH - GREY SEAL MH - GROWTH/LENGTH DISTRIBUTIONS MH - MALE STRATEGY MH - MATING SYSTEM MH - PINNIPEDIA MH - MALES MH - MALE MH - SIZE RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Animal Behaviour 1985 ;33():829-838 71 UI - 270 AU - Anderson SS AU - Fedak MA TI - Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus, energetics: Females invest more in male offspring MH - ENERGETICS MH - GREY SEAL MH - GROWTH/LENGTH DISTRIBUTIONS MH - PARENTAL INVESTMENT MH - PINNIPEDIA MH - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS MH - HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS MH - FEMALE MH - MORE MH - MALE RP - NOT IN FILE SO - J Zool , Lond 1987 ;211():667-679 72 UI - 319 AU - Anderson SS AU - Livens FR AU - Singleton DL TI - Radionuclides in grey seals MH - GREY SEAL MH - LACTATION MH - PINNIPEDIA MH - POLLUTION MH - RADIOBIOLOGY RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Mar Poll Bull 1990 ;21(7):343-345 73 UI - 2023 AU - Anderson.I TI - Games whales play MH - CETACEA MH - INCOMPLETE MH - KILLER WHALE MH - ODONTOCETI MH - ORCINUS ORCA MH - PACIFIC MH - PLAY MH - PREDATION BEHAVIOR MH - PREY MH - WHALE RP - NOT IN FILE SO - New Scientist 1997 Jan ;():5 74 UI - 469 AU - Andersson M TI - Temporal graphical analysis of behaviour sequences MH - BEHAVIOUR MH - RESEARCH TECHNIQUES MH - STATISTICAL METHODS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Behaviour 1974 ;51():38-48 75 UI - 2131 AU - Andersson M AU - Iwasa Y TI - Sexual selection MH - EVOLUTION MH - SELECTION SEXUAL RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Trends in Ecology and Evolution 1996 ;11():53-58 76 UI - 2052 AU - Andersson ? AU - Linder CE AU - Olsson M AU - Reuterg?rdh L AU - Uvemo UB AU - Wideqvist U TI - Spatial differences and temporal trends of organochlorine compounds in biota from the Northwestern hemisphere MH - ARCTIC MH - ARCTIC CHAR MH - BALTIC MH - CASPIAN SEAL MH - CLUPEA HARENGUS MH - DDT MH - ESOX LUCIUS MH - GREY SEAL MH - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS MH - HARP SEALS MH - HERRING MH - MACKEREL MH - ORGANOCHLORINES MH - PAGOPHOCA GROENLANDICA MH - PCB MH - PHOCA CASPICA MH - PHOCA HISPIDA MH - PIKE MH - POLLUTION MH - RINGED SEAL MH - SALMO SALAR MH - SALMO TRUTTA MH - SALMON MH - SALVELINUS ALPINUS MH - SCOMBER SCOMBRUS MH - SEABIRDS MH - TOXAPHENE MH - TOXICOLOGY MH - TRENDS MH - TROUT RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1988 ;17():755-765 77 UI - 1835 AU - Andreev AV TI - Energetics and survival of birds in extreme environments MH - ADAPTATION MH - ENERGETICS MH - ENVIRONMENT MH - HABITAT MH - PTARMIGAN MH - SAMMENDRAG MH - SURVIVAL RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Ostrich 1999 ;70():13-22 78 UI - 921 AU - Andriashek D AU - Kiliaan HP AU - Taylor MK TI - Observations on foxes, Alopex lagopus and Vulpes vulpes, and wolves, Canis lupus, on the offshore sea ice of northern Labrador (Canada) AB - Observations of arctic foxes (A. lagopus), red foxes (V. vulpes) and wolves (C. lupus) were made on the offshore sea ice in northern Labrador during late winter and early spring from 1975 to 1979 and again in 1982. Red foxes, 1 arctic fox and 1 wolf were scavenging on ringed seals (Phoca hispida) which had been killed by polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Foxes showed a preference, as did polar bears, for active ice areas and exposed coastlines. Some predation of ringed seal pups by arctic fox occurred. Scavenging of unutilized seal remains and predation of newborn pups is probably important to survival of foxes and may also be significant to wolves along the northern Labrador coast MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - CANADA MH - CANIS LUPUS MH - EXPOSED COASTLINE MH - LAGOPUS MH - NEWBORN MH - NOCOPY MH - PHOCA HISPIDA MH - POLAR BEAR MH - PREDATION MH - PREFERENCE MH - PUP MH - RINGED SEAL MH - SCAVENGER MH - SEA ICE MH - URSIDAE MH - URSUS MARITIMUS MH - WOLF RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Canadian Field-Naturalist 1985 ;99(1):86-89 79 UI - 1239 AU - Andriashek D AU - Spencer C TI - Predation on a ringed seal, Phoca hispida, pup by a red fox, Vulpes vulpes AB - A Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) was observed feeding upon a newborn Ringed Seal pup (Phoca hispida) on the sea ice of the eastern Beaufort Sea. Although Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus) are effective predators of Ringed Seal pups, this is the first known incidence of predation by a Red Fox on the sea ice MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - BEAUFORT SEA MH - LAGOPUS MH - NEWBORN MH - NOCOPY MH - PHOCA HISPIDA MH - PREDATION MH - PREDATOR MH - PUP MH - RED FOX MH - RINGED SEAL MH - SEA ICE MH - VULPES MH - VULPES VULPES RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Canadian Field-Naturalist 1989 ;103(4):600 80 UI - 2766 AU - Angelier F AU - Clement-Chastel C AU - Gabrielsen GW AU - Chastel O TI - Corticosterone and time-activity Black-legged budget: An experiment with kittiwakes AB - In vertebrates, the well established increase in plasma corticosterone in response to food shortage is thought to mediate adjustments of foraging behavior and energy allocation to environmental conditions. However, investigating the functional role of corticosterone is often constrained by the difficulty to track time-activity budget of free-ranging animals. To examine how an experimental increase in corticosterone affects the activity budget of male Black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), we used miniaturized activity loggers to record flying/foraging, presence on the sea surface and nest attendance. To investigate how corticosterone affects allocation processes between self-foraging and foraging devoted to the brood, we monitored body mass change of males from capture (day 0) to recapture (day 3). Among control birds, males in poor condition at day 0 spent significantly more time flying/foraging and less time attending the nest site than did males in good condition. Corticosterone treatment affected time spent flying/foraging in interaction with body condition at day 0: corticosterone-implanted males in good condition spent more time flying foraging than control ones; this was not observed in poor condition males. In control birds, change in body mass was negatively correlated with body condition at day 0. This was reinforced by corticosterone treatment and, on average, corticosterone-implanted males gained much more mass than controls. These results suggest that in Black-legged kittiwakes, body condition and corticosterone levels can interact to mediate foraging decisions and possibly energy allocation: when facing stressful environmental conditions, birds in good body condition may afford to increase the time spent foraging probably to maintain brood provisioning, whereas poor body condition birds seemed rather to redirect available energy from reproduction to self-maintenance. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved MH - activity budget MH - activity logger MH - ANIMAL MH - Animals MH - BASE-LINE CORTICOSTERONE MH - BEHAVIOR MH - BIRDS MH - BODY CONDITION MH - BODY MASS MH - BREEDING PERFORMANCE MH - CAPTURE MH - ENERGY MH - FOOD MH - FOOD SHORTAGE MH - FORAGING MH - FORAGING BEHAVIOR MH - foraging decisions MH - FREE-RANGING MH - hormone MH - INTERACTION MH - kittiwake MH - LIFE-HISTORY MH - LONG-LIVED BIRD MH - MALE MH - MALES MH - MASS MH - MORE MH - PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS MH - REPRODUCTION MH - REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT MH - resource allocation MH - RESOURCE-ALLOCATION MH - RISSA TRIDACTYLA MH - RISSA-TRIDACTYLA MH - SEA MH - seabird MH - SITE MH - TIME MH - TREATMENT MH - VERTEBRATES MH - ZONOTRICHIA-LEUCOPHRYS-GAMBELII RP - NOT IN FILE NT - JNOV IS - 0018-506X UR - ISI:000250660000009 L1 - c:\Refs\pdf\Angelier2007HB.pdf SO - Hormones and Behavior 2007 ;52(4):482-491 81 UI - 1234 AU - Angerbjorn A AU - Arvidson B AU - Noren E AU - Stromgren L TI - The effect of winter food on reproduction in the arctic fox, Alopex lagopus: A field experiment AB - The population of arctic foxes in Fennoscandia is very small and has been so for around 60 years in spite of total protection for over half a century. The reasons why the artic fox population has not increased to its former size are unknown. The population numbers fluctuate highly in relation to vole numbers. There is also very high interannual variation in reproduction among arctic foxes. To determine the effect of winter food availability on reproductive success, we carried out a feeding experiment. The study area is situated above the treeline from an altitude of 700 m to mountains of 1600 m in Swedish Lapland. We added food (reindeer and moose carcasses) to dens during the winter months, January-April 1985-89. To determine the effect of this extra food on reproduction, we made inventories at both food-manipulated dens and control dens. These inventories of dens took place during July so we could check not only if dens were occupied, but also whether a litter was born and assess the number of cubs appearing outside the den. The proportion of occupied dens in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group. The number of cubs at weaning in the food-manipulated dens was also higher than in control dens in each year. However, no effect on litter size was found. From these results we conclude that the larger number of cubs produced in dens with extra winter food shows that reproduction under present dietary poor conditions was limited by available food. Many canid species show this close relation between reproduction and food availability, with pregnancy rates and litter sizes declining with the abundance of the main food MH - ABUNDANCE MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - CUB MH - DEN MH - FENNOSCANDIA MH - FOOD MH - FOOD AVAILABILITY MH - INTERANNUAL VARIATION MH - LAGOPUS MH - LITTER SIZE MH - NOCOPY MH - PREGNANCY MH - PREGNANCY RATE MH - REPRODUCTION MH - REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS MH - SIZE MH - SWEDEN MH - VOLE ABUNDANCE RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Journal of Animal Ecology 1991 ;60(2):705-714 82 UI - 1162 AU - Angerbjorn A AU - Hersteinsson P AU - Liden K AU - Nelson E TI - Dietary variation in arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus): An analysis of stable carbon isotopes AB - We used stable carbon isotopes to analyse individual variation in arctic fox diet. We extracted collagen from bones (the lower jaw), and measured stable carbon isotopes. The foxes came from three different localities: Iceland, where both microtines and reindeer are rare; west Greenland, where microtines are absent; and Sweden, where scat analyses showed the primary food to be microtine rodents and reindeer. The Icelandic samples included foxes from both coastal and inland habitats. the Swedish sample came from an inland area, and the Greenland sample from coastal sites. The spatial variation in the isotopic pattern followed a basic division between marine and terrestrial sources of protein. Arctic foxes from inland sites had delta-13C values of -21.4 (Iceland) and -20.4 permill (Sweden), showing typical terrestrial values. Coastal foxes from Greenland had typical marine values of -14.9 permill, whereas coastal foxes from Iceland had intermediate values of -17.7 permill . However, there was individual variation within each sample, probably caused by habitat heterogeneity and territoriality among foxes. The variation on a larger scale was related to the availability of different food items. These results were in accordance with other dietary analyses based on scat analyses. This is the first time that stable isotopes have been used to reveal individual dietary patterns. Our study also indicated that isotopic values can be used on a global scale MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - BONE MH - BONE COLLAGEN MH - COLLAGEN MH - DIET MH - GREENLAND MH - HABITAT MH - ICELAND MH - LAGOPUS MH - NOCOPY MH - PROTEIN MH - RODENT MH - SCAT MH - SWEDEN MH - TERRITORIALITY MH - WEST GREENLAND RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Oecologia (Berlin) 1994 ;99(3-4):226-232 83 UI - 1704 AU - Angerbjorn A AU - Tannerfeldt M AU - Bj?rvall A AU - Ericson M AU - From J AU - Nor?n E TI - Dynamics of the arctic fox population in Sweden MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - FENNOSCANDIA MH - FOX MH - LITTER SIZE MH - POPULATION MH - POPULATION DYNAMICS MH - POPULATION SIZE MH - PREY MH - SWEDEN RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Annales Zoologici Fennici 1995 ;32():55-68 84 UI - 1640 AU - Angermeier PL AU - Karr JR TI - Biological integrity versus biological diversity as policy directives: protecting biotic resources MH - BIODIVERSITY MH - ECOSYSTEM MH - POLITICS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Bioscience 1994 ;44(10):690-697 85 UI - 1238 AU - Anikieva LV AU - Anikanova VS AU - Ostashkova VV TI - Host-parasite relationship during toxascaridosis of arctic foxes AB - The effect of host infection doze (10, 100, 1000 eggs) and developmental stages of helminths (larvae, adult nematodes) on the relationships in the system "Toxascaris leonina-Alopex lagopus" was studied experimentally. It has been established that 100 eggs are the threshold dose for helminths and 1000 eggs for the host. More distinct changes in the indices are characteristics of the parasite. Dynamics of host-parasite relationships in the development of the parasitic process correspond to helminth developmental stage. Larvae of T. leonina are most pathogenic for the host MH - ADULT MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE MH - EGGS MH - HOST MH - LARVAE MH - NOCOPY MH - PARASITES MH - PATHOGENICITY MH - TOXASCARIS LEONINA RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Parazitologiya (Leningrad) 1990 ;24(3):225-231 86 UI - 1352 AU - Anon. TI - Vertebra length changes in moments of resistance of vertebral bodies in predatory mammals MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - INCOMPLETE MH - MAMMALS MH - NOCOPY RP - NOT IN FILE SO - -32676 ;(): 87 UI - 1062 AU - Anon. TI - Characteristics of hearing in the white whale Delphinapterus leucas MH - BELUGA MH - DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS MH - HEARING MH - INCOMPLETE MH - NOCOPY MH - ODONTOCETI MH - WHITE WHALE MH - WHALE RP - NOT IN FILE SO - 199 ;(): 88 UI - 1725 AU - Anon. TI - The international convention for the regulation of whaling MH - CONVENTION/AGREEMENT MH - WHALING - MODERN RP - NOT IN FILE SO - 1946 ;(): 89 UI - 1722 AU - Anon. TI - Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals (the Bonn Convention). With appendices as amended 1985, 1988 MH - ANIMAL MH - CONSERVATION MH - CONVENTION/AGREEMENT MH - MIGRATION RP - NOT IN FILE SO - 1979 ;(): 90 UI - 391 AU - Anon. TI - Report of the workshop on identity, structure and vital rates of killer whale populations, Cambridge, England, June 23-25, 1981 MH - ACOUSTICS MH - BEHAVIOUR MH - CATCH DATA MH - COLOURATION MH - FEEDING/FORAGING MH - IWC MH - KILLER WHALE MH - LIFE HISTORY MH - LIVE-CAPTURE/CAPTIVITY MH - MORTALITY MH - NORTHERN HEMISPHERE MH - ODONTOCETI MH - POPULATION PARAMETERS MH - SEXUAL MATURITY MH - SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Reports of the International Whaling Commission 1982 ;32():617-631 91 UI - 400 AU - Anon. TI - Norway. Progress report on cetacean research, June 1987 to May 1988 MH - CATCH DATA MH - IWC MH - MARKING/TAGGING MH - MINKE WHALE MH - NORTH ATLANTIC MH - NORTHERN HEMISPHERE MH - NORWAY MH - SURVEY-SHIP RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Reports of the International Whaling Commission 1989 ;39():187-189 92 UI - 541 AU - Anon. TI - Ninth biennial conference on the biology of marine mammals, Dec 5-9, 1991, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Abstracts MH - BIBLIOGRAPHY MH - CONFERENCE MH - MAMMALS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - 1991 ;(): 93 UI - 1721 AU - Anon. TI - Agreement on the conservation of African-Eurasian migratory waterbirds. Draft convention text from the First Intergovernmental Session to discuss the AEWA MH - ANSER BRACHYRHYNCHUS MH - AVES MH - BARNACLE GOOSE MH - BRANTA BERNICLA MH - BRANTA LEUCOPSIS MH - BRENT GOOSE MH - CONSERVATION MH - CONVENTION/AGREEMENT MH - GEESE MH - MIGRATION MH - PINK-FOOTED GOOSE RP - NOT IN FILE SO - 1994 ;(): 94 UI - 1132 AU - Anthony RM TI - Den use by arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in a subarctic region of western Alaska AB - Distribution, abundance, and use of arctic fox dens located in coastal tundra communities of the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta were determined in studies from 1985 to 1990. Dens were denser and less complex than those described in studies conducted above the Arctic Circle. Eighty-three dens of varying complexity were found in the 52-km-2 study area. Nineteen dens were used by arctic foxes for whelping or rearing pups. Three females relocated litters to multiple dens; a maximum of four dens were used concurrently by pups from one litter. Although red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were common in the region, their use of dens in the study area was minimal. Differences in vegetation at den sites and nearby unoccupied sites were minimal. Furthermore, den sites could not be distinguished from non-den sites during aerial surveys MH - ABUNDANCE MH - ALASKA MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - DEN MH - DISTRIBUTION MH - FEMALE MH - LAGOPUS MH - PUP MH - RED FOX MH - TUNDRA COMMUNITY MH - USA MH - VULPES VULPES RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Can J Zool 1996 ;74(4):627-631 95 UI - 1112 AU - Anthony RM TI - Home ranges and movements of arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) in western Alaska AB - During the period from 1995 to 1990, radio collars were attached to 61 arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in the coastal region of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska. Radio tracking using hand-held receivers from aircraft and from fixed towers was conducted to determine daily and seasonal movements of foxes. Intensive radio tracking of 18 foxes from May through July indicated that males used larger areas ( hivin x = 10.22 +- 6.18 km-2) than females ( hivin x = 4.57 + 1.94 km-2) regardless of breeding status. Generally foxes were relocated near ( hivin x = 3.4 +- 2.4 km) their summer home ranges during other seasons of the year. There were no complex social groups of foxes among the marked population. Foxes did not have a definitive preference for any plant community, probably because of the even distribution and abundance of prey throughout all communities. Thirty foxes were relocated repeatedly during a period of at least 10 months, which included the denning season of one year and the breeding season of the next. Of 24 confirmed deaths of collared foxes, 16 were caused by shooting or trapping by local residents and 8 had unidentified causes. Maximum distance moved between relocations was 48.4 km. Males moved farther from initial capture sites in the winter following capture than did females, largely because of greater than 20 km movements by two foxes. There were no seasonal differences in movements between males and females MH - ABUNDANCE MH - ALASKA MH - ALOPEX LAGOPUS MH - ARCTIC MH - ARCTIC FOX MH - BEHAVIOUR MH - CAPTURE MH - DENNING MH - DISTRIBUTION MH - FEMALE MH - FIELD METHOD MH - HOME RANGE MH - LAGOPUS MH - MALE MH - MOVEMENT MH - MOVEMENT PATTERN MH - NOCOPY MH - PREFERENCE MH - PREY MH - RADIO TRACKING MH - RANGE MH - SEASONALITY MH - SEX DIFFERENCES MH - SOCIAL MH - STATUS MH - TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY MH - USA RP - IN FILE L1 - c:\Refs\pdf\Arctic50-2-147.pdf SO - Arctic 1997 ;50(2):147-157 96 UI - 2577 AU - Ara?jo MB TI - Biodiversity Hotspots and Zones of Ecological Transition MH - BIODIVERSITY MH - HOTSPOTS MH - NOYAKTIGHET MH - TRANSITION RP - IN FILE L1 - c:\Refs\pdf\cb-v16n6p1662.pdf SO - Conservation Biology 2002 ;16(6):1662-1663 97 UI - 2524 AU - Archer F AU - Gerrodette T AU - Chivers S AU - Jackson A TI - Annual estimates of the unobserved incidental kill of pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata attenuata) calves in the tuna purse-seine fishery of the eastern tropical Pacific MH - CALF MH - CALVES MH - DOLPHIN MH - FISHERY MH - FISHERY BY-CATCH MH - HUMAN IMPACT MH - INCIDENTAL CAPTURE MH - SPOTTED DOLPHIN MH - STENELLA RP - IN FILE L1 - c:\Refs\pdf\06274.pdf SO - Fishery Bulletin 2004 ;102():233-244 98 UI - 2174 AU - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme TI - Heavy metals in the Arctic. Proceedings from AMAP international workshop Anchorage, Alaska, 7-10 September, 1999, 53 pp MH - AEPS MH - ALASKA MH - AMAP MH - ANCHORAGE MH - ARCTIC MH - CIRCUMPOLAR MH - HEAVY METALS MH - METALS MH - MONITORING MH - POLLUTION MH - TRENDS RP - NOT IN FILE SO - 1999 ;(): 99 UI - 2097 AU - Arft AM AU - Walker MD AU - Gurevitch J AU - Alatalo JM AU - Bret-Harte MS AU - Dale M AU - Diemer M AU - Gugerli F AU - Henry GHR AU - Jones MH AU - Hollister RD AU - J?nsd?ttir IS AU - Laine K AU - L?vesque E AU - Marion GM AU - Molau U AU - M?lgaard P AU - Nordenh?ll U AU - Raszhivin V AU - Robinson CH AU - Starr G AU - Stenstr?m M AU - Totland ? AU - Turner PL AU - Walker LJ AU - Webber PJ AU - Welker JM AU - Wookey PA TI - Responses of tundra plants to experimental warming: meta-analysis of the International Tundra Experiment MH - CIRCUMPOLAR MH - CLIMATE CHANGE MH - FLORA MH - GLOBAL CHANGE MH - ITEX MH - MONITORING MH - VEGETATION RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Ecological Monographs 1999 ;69():491-511 100 UI - 329 AU - Armstrong AJ AU - Siegfried WR TI - Consumption of Antarctic krill by minke whales MH - ALLOMETRY MH - ANTARCTICA MH - CETACEA MH - ECOSYSTEM MH - ENERGETICS MH - EUPHAUSIIDS/COPEPODS MH - FEEDING/FORAGING MH - MINKE WHALE MH - MYSTICETES MH - POPULATION PARAMETERS MH - SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE RP - NOT IN FILE SO - Antarctic Science 1991 ;3(1):13-18 From jkiernan at uwo.ca Mon Mar 17 11:44:21 2008 From: jkiernan at uwo.ca (John Kiernan) Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2008 11:44:21 -0400 Subject: [Papyrus-L] Papyrus and Windows Vista Message-ID: An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From logies at web.de Mon Mar 17 13:54:30 2008 From: logies at web.de (Michael Logies) Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2008 18:54:30 +0100 Subject: [Papyrus-L] Papyrus and Windows Vista In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <47DEB056.9030902@web.de> At 17.03.2008 16:44 John Kiernan wrote: > Does anyone know how to get Papyrus to work properly with Vista? With XP it's > necessary to work in full-screen (Alt+Enter) mode for scrolling down lists. > Pressing Alt+Enter on my Vista laptop brings up "This system does not support > full screen mode." and it is not possible to move the highlight bar down a list > of references. Any advice would be appreciated! http://support.microsoft.com/kb/926657 Some 16-bit DOS-based Programs and the Command Prompt will not run in full-screen mode in Windows Vista (...) WORKAROUND You may be able to work around this problem by installing the Microsoft Windows XP version of the video drivers for your video adapter.(...) Regards M. -- Michael Logies, Zahnarzt, Gro?e Stra?e 28, D-49134 Wallenhorst, http://www.logies.de/ (u. a. _die_ Mailingliste f?r die Dentalbranche), PGP-/OpenPGP-Schl?ssel (RSA/IDEA) kann angefordert werden. From lcoen at sccf.org Tue Mar 18 13:41:56 2008 From: lcoen at sccf.org (Dr. Loren Coen) Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2008 13:41:56 -0400 Subject: [Papyrus-L] Papyrus and Windows Vista In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <011b01c8891f$5c7b8710$15729530$@org> I asked this and never heard a response, tried my XP pif file and will not work. Loren Coen -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: